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A film festival is an organized, extended presentation of films in one or more cinemas or screening venues, usually in a single city or region. Increasingly, film festivals show some films outdoors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Open air cinemas )〕 Films may be of recent date and, depending upon the festival's focus, can include international and domestic releases. Some festivals focus on a specific film-maker or genre (e.g., film noir) or subject matter (e.g., horror film festivals). A number of film festivals specialise in short films of a defined maximum length. Film festivals are typically annual events. Some film historians do not consider Film Festivals as official releases of film, like Jerry Beck.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Animated Movie Guide 1 - Cartoon Research )〕 The best known film festivals are the Venice Film Festival, the Cannes Film Festival, the Toronto Film Festival, Sundance Film Festival, and the Berlin International Film Festival, the latter being the largest film festival worldwide, based on attendance. The Venice Film Festival is the oldest major festival. The Melbourne International Film Festival is the largest film festival in the Southern Hemisphere and one of the oldest in the world. A 2013 study found 3,000 active films festivals worldwide—active defined as having held an event in the previous 24 months.〔2013 study on 10,000 film festivals〕 ==History== Venice held the first major film festival in 1932. Other major and older film festivals of the world include: * Moscow International Film Festival (1935) * Cannes Film Festival (1946) * Festival del film Locarno (1946) * Karlovy Vary International Film Festival (1946) * Edinburgh International Film Festival (1947) * Berlin International Film Festival (1951) * Melbourne International Film Festival (1952) * International Film Festival Mannheim-Heidelberg (IFFMH) (1952) * International Film Festival of India (IFFI) (1952) * San Sebastián International Film Festival (1953) * Sydney Film Festival (1954) * Mar del Plata International Film Festival Argentina (1954) * Seminci, Valladolid, Spain (1956) * London Film Festival (1956) * San Francisco International Film Festival (1957) * Tashkent International Film Festival of countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America (1968)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ташкентский кинофестиваль 1958 года )〕 * Kraków Film Festival (1960) * International Film Festival for Children and Youth in Zlín (1961) * Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (1963) * Chicago International Film Festival (1965)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chicago International Film Festival )〕 * Telluride Film Festival (1974) * Atlanta Film Festival (1976)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History )〕 * Cairo International Film Festival (1976) * Toronto International Film Festival (1976) * Cleveland International Film Festival (1977)〔Cleveland International Film Festival〕 * Montreal World Film Festival (1977).〔List of film festivals〕 * Hong Kong International Film Festival (HKIFF) (1977) * Durban International Film Festival (DIFF) (1979) * Fantasporto, Portugal (1982) * Istanbul International Film Festival (1982) * Filmfest München (1983) * Tokyo International Film Festival (1985) * Warsaw International Film Festival (1985) * Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival (1986)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival )〕 * Guadalajara International Film Festival (1986) * Santa Barbara International Film Festival (1986) * Melbourne Queer Film Festival (1991) * Shanghai International Film Festival (1993) * International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK) 1996 * Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival (PÖFF) 1997 * SEOUL International Women's Film Festival (SIWFF) 1997 * Sofia International Film Festival (SIFF) 1997 * Dubai International Film Festival (DIFF) 2004 * Filmsaaz (Short film festival) 2008 The Venice Film Festival in Italy began in 1932, and is the oldest film festival still running. Raindance Film Festival is the UK's largest celebration of independent film-making, and takes place in London in October. Australia's first and longest running film festival is the Melbourne International Film Festival (1952), followed by the Sydney Film Festival (1954). Edinburgh International Film Festival is the longest running festival. North America's first and longest running short film festival is the Yorkton Film Festival, established in 1947.〔http://www.goldensheafawards.com/files/File/history/5_internationalfestival.pdf〕〔http://www.goldensheafawards.com/files/File/history/6_firstinternational.pdf〕 The first film festival in the United States was the Columbus International Film & Video Festival, also known as The Chris Awards, held in 1953. According to the Film Arts Foundation in San Francisco, "''The Chris Awards'' (is) one of the most prestigious documentary, educational, business and informational competitions in the U.S; (it is) the oldest of its kind in North America and celebrating its 54th year." It was followed four years later by the San Francisco International Film Festival, held in March 1957, which emphasized feature-length dramatic films. The festival played a major role in introducing foreign films to American audiences. Films in the first year included Akira Kurosawa's ''Throne of Blood'' and Satyajit Ray's ''Pather Panchali''. Today, thousands of film festivals take place around the world—from high profile festivals such as Sundance Film Festival and Slamdance Film Festival (Park City, Utah), to horror festivals such as Terror Film Festival (Philadelphia), and the Park City Film Music Festival, the first U.S. film festival dedicated to honoring music in film. Digital feature film distribution began in 2005, along with the world's first online film festival, the Green Cine Online Film Festival, sponsored by DivX. Film Funding competitions such as Writers and Filmmakers were introduced when the cost of production could be lowered significantly and internet technology allowed for the collaboration of film production. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Film festival」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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